صفحه اصلی
زیبایی و پزشکی
آموزش
سبک زندگی
تفریح و سرگرمی
روانشناسی
علم و تکنولوژی
مجله خودرو
خدمات منازل
تشریفات مجالس
هیجان یعنی واکنش ناگهانی، شدید و کوتاه ارگانیسم به یک موقعیت غیرمنتظره که با یک حالت عاطفی خوشایند یا ناخوشایند همراه است. اما چه میزان از هیجان خوب و چه میزان مخرب است؟ چطور باید با هیجان خوب و بد خود روبهرو شویم؟ آیا بازیهای هیجانانگیز روی روان ما تاثیر مثبت دارند؟ با پاسخ به این سوالها میتوانید هیجان خود را بشناسید و آن را هدایت کنید.
در ادامهی این مطلب از بلاگ شبکه تخفیف راکبی دربارهی هیجان صحبت کردهایم.
هیجان چیست؟
هیجان تعریفهای متعددی از دیدگاه روانشناسی دارد، اما بهصورت کلی به بخشی از شخصیت، افکار، احساسات و رفتار فرد هیجان میگویند. هیجان ممکن است منشا بدنی و یا غیربدنی داشته باشد. این حس، از جنس فکر نیست و بهطور ناگهان بروز میکند. گاهی منشا هیجان مشخص است و در مواردی هم نامشخص است. هیجان میتواند محرک بیرونی و درونی داشته باشد.
هیجان خوب و بد دارد؟
میتوان هیجان را به دو نوع مثبت و منفی تقسیمبندی کرد. به هیجانهایی نظیر عشق، شادمانی، خنده و گریهی از سر شوق هیجان مثبت و به هیجانهایی مانند اضطراب، افسردگی، خشم، حسادت، ترس، حس گناه،حس ناکامی و اندوه هیجان منفی میگویند. دربارهی هیجانهای منفی یک نکته را بهخاطر بسپاریم؛ هر هیجان منفی الزاما و کاملا منفی نیست و بستگی به میزان تاثیرگذاری آن حس روی افراد دارد. به این مثال توجه کنید:
اضطراب مثبت و منفی دانشآموز: برای دانشآموزان و دانشجویان، کمی اضطراب که به آن نگرانی هم گفته میشود بد نیست. این نوع اضطراب در آنها باعث افزایش تمرکز و توجه آنها به روند تحصیلی و در نتیجه آموزش موثرتر و موفقیت بیشتر آنها میشود، اما اگر این اضطراب به اندازهای بالا برود که مانع از فراگیری شود، هیجان منفی اتفاق افتاده است و باید کنترل شود.
آثار تجمع هیجان
بسته به عامل هیجان، ممکن است حس ایجاد شده در هر فرد قوی یا ضعیف باشد. اگر هیجان عمیق باشد، احتمالا زمینهساز ایجاد اضطراب میشود. از نظر روانشناسی هیجان هر فرد باید در مسیری قرار گیرد که با زندگی او همسو باشد. اضطراب ناشی از هیجان جمعشده، در روند عادی زندگی فرد بهمرور اختلال ایجاد میکند.
نقش بازیها در تخلیهی هیجان
پرداختن به بازیهای هیجانانگیز برای تخلیهی سطحی هیجان راهی مناسب است و برای ایجاد حس لذت و شادمانی مفید است. این دست بازیها و هیجانی که ایجاد میکند، میتواند تا حد زیادی بهداشت روانی جامعه و افراد را تامین کند. برای مثال تماشای مسابقهی فوتبال و یا رفتن به استادیوم، سطح انرژی روانی افراد را بالا میبرد. این تجربه باعث ایجاد حس شادی در فرد و در نتیجه در جامعه میشود. همچنین شرکت در یکسری از بازیهای گروهی و مشارکتی، مانند اتاق فرار یا بازیهای معمایی، میتواند در تولید هیجان مثبت و سلامت روان افراد موثر باشد. اما اگر مشکل فرد خیلی عمیق باشد، بازیهایی که برای تخلیه هیجان طراحی شدهاند، تاثیر چندانی روی او نداشته و باعث درمان کامل او نمیشوند.
توجه داشته باشید که بهطورکلی، انجام این دسته از بازیها و هر تفریحی به شیوهی درست میتواند باعث شادمانی شود.
هیجان اگر درست تخلیه شود مثبت است
در موضوع هیجان دو مساله وجود دارد: ابتدا ابراز هیجان و بعد تخلیهی آن؛ این دو با هم متفاوت هستند.
ابراز هیجان
برای مثال گریه کردن راهی برای ابراز هیجان است. برای همین به فرد آسیبدیده گفته میشود جلوی اشکهای خود را نگیرد. اما این به معنی تخلیهی هیجان نیست. گریه بهطور مقطعی هیجان فرد را کاهش میدهد. درواقع گریه کردن رفتاری است که نشان از وجود یک حس یا هیجان در فرد دارد.
تخلیهی هیجان
در این مواقع، فرد با روشی مفید احساسات منفی و آزاردهنده را از بدن خارج میکند. در روند تخلیهی هیجان، فردی که با هیجان درگیر است، آن را به شکل رفتار درمیآورد. برای مثال دربارهی آن حرف میزند. به این ترتیب شخص موردنظر با مشکل مواجه شده است. راه رهاشدن از هیجانهای بد، به رفتار درآوردن و به این شکل تخلیه کردن صحیح آنها است. تا زمانی که شخص دربارهی حس و هیجان خود حرف نزند، نمیتواند با آن روبهرو شود، حس منفی را بشناسد و آن را تخلیه کند. نکتهی مهم دیگر این است که تخلیهی هیجانی روندی است که باید به بینش برسد. این یعنی فرد باید با هیجانهایش آشنا شود، به بینشی دربارهی آنها برسد و سپس با آگاهی از آنها، هیجانها را بهخوبی تخلیه کند.
کلام آخر
همهی ما در طول روز با عواطف و انواع هیجان خوب و بد مواجه میشویم. عواطف و هیجانهایی که نیاز به ابراز دارند. فردی که توانایی ابراز هیجان و در مرحلهی بعد تخلیهی صحیح آن را داشته باشد، اگر با مشکلی روبهرو شود، میتواند آن را بهخوبی حل و فصل کند.
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